Policy Document Series · Issue 49 · Life & Wellness
Water Policy
Every American Deserves Clean, Affordable Water

Water is life, and America’s water infrastructure is failing. Lead pipes poison children. PFAS contaminates drinking water for 200 million Americans. The Colorado River is at 25% of historical flow. Two million Americans lack access to clean running water. And private water companies charge 59% more than public utilities.

9.2MLead service lines still in use across the US
200M+Americans exposed to PFAS in drinking water
2MAmericans lack access to clean running water
59%More charged by private water companies vs. public
Contents
Section 01

Executive Summary

Water is life. Every American deserves clean, affordable water — not as a market commodity, but as a right. 9.2 million lead service lines poison children every day. Over 200 million Americans drink PFAS-contaminated water. The Colorado River is drying up. Two million Americans lack running water. Private water companies charge 59% more than public utilities. The CGP will fix all of it with ten pillars of comprehensive water policy.

Ten pillars: Lead Zero by 2035. PFAS eradication. No privatization. Western water conservation. Aquifer protection. Affordable water. Tribal water justice ($10B). Agricultural reform. Dam safety. Rural water systems.

Section 02

The Problem

The EPA’s 2024 inventory identified 9.2 million lead service lines still in use, overwhelmingly in older cities with large Black and Latino populations. There is no safe level of lead exposure in children. Lead causes irreversible neurological damage — lower IQ, behavioral problems, learning disabilities. Flint became the symbol, but the problem is national.

PFAS — “forever chemicals” — contaminate the drinking water of over 200 million Americans. Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, immune dysfunction, and reproductive harm. The manufacturers knew about the risks for decades.

The Colorado River supplies water to 40 million people in seven states. It is at approximately 25% of historical flow. Western water law incentivizes maximum extraction rather than conservation. Meanwhile, private water companies charge 59% more than public utilities.

On the Navajo Nation, 30% of households lack running water. Two million Americans — disproportionately in tribal, rural, and minority communities — lack access to clean running water. In the wealthiest country on earth, this is a policy choice.

Sources: EPA — epa.gov · Bureau of Reclamation — usbr.gov · Food & Water Watch — foodandwaterwatch.org

Section 03

How We Got Here

The Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)

The primary federal law governing drinking water quality, setting standards for 90+ pollutants. But enforcement relies on underfunded state agencies. The EPA estimates $625 billion in water infrastructure investment is needed over 20 years — the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law provided $55 billion, less than 10%.

The 1922 Colorado River Compact

Western water allocations were based on the wettest period in 500 years. Reality has caught up. Lake Mead and Lake Powell have dropped to crisis levels. The prior appropriation doctrine incentivizes maximum extraction.

Decades of Deferred Maintenance

American water infrastructure has been underfunded for decades. Lead pipes installed a century ago remain in the ground. Dam rehabilitation backlog stands at $165 billion. Rural water systems serve communities that cannot afford upgrades.

Section 04

What Other Countries Do

CountryModelKey Features
IsraelWater recycling leaderReuses 90% of wastewater for agriculture. Global gold standard for water efficiency. Desalination for 70% of domestic use.
SingaporeNEWater programAdvanced purification turns wastewater into drinking water. 40% of demand met by recycled water.
GermanyPublic water utilities99%+ drinking water quality compliance. Affordable pricing. Strict quality standards enforced.
AustraliaMillennium Drought responseConservation mandates, recycling investment, desalination backup. 50% reduction in per-capita water use.
United StatesFailing infrastructure9.2M lead lines. 200M+ exposed to PFAS. 2M lack running water. 59% private-vs-public price gap. $625B investment gap.
Section 05

Our Policy — Ten Pillars

Pillar 1 — FlagshipLead Zero by 2035
  • Replace every lead service line in America — all 9.2 million — $60B investment
  • Emergency pace in minority communities where children are being poisoned now
  • No child should drink water through a lead pipe in the wealthiest country on earth
Pillar 2PFAS Eradication
  • Full remediation funded by Superfund cost recovery from manufacturers
  • 3M, DuPont, and others knew about the risks for decades — the polluter pays
Pillar 3No Water Privatization
  • Federal grants conditioned on public ownership of water systems
  • Private companies charge 59% more for the same service — water is a public good, not a profit center
Pillar 4Colorado River and Western Water
  • Mandatory conservation for Colorado River states
  • Federal water recycling investment following Israel model (90% reuse)
  • Renegotiate allocations based on actual hydrology, not 1922 assumptions
Pillar 5National Aquifer Management
  • Protect the Ogallala Aquifer and other critical groundwater from over-extraction
  • Federal monitoring standards and sustainable extraction limits
Pillar 6Affordable Water
  • No household pays more than 2.5% of income for water and sewer
  • Federal Water Affordability Program modeled on LIHEAP — no water shutoffs for inability to pay
Pillar 7Tribal Water Justice — $10B Dedicated Fund
  • Build water and wastewater infrastructure on tribal lands
  • Resolve all pending tribal water rights settlements within 5 years
  • On the Navajo Nation, 30% of households lack running water — this ends that
Pillar 8Agricultural Water Reform
  • End subsidies for water-intensive crops in arid regions
  • Agriculture uses 80% of Western water — efficiency gains here have the largest impact
  • Incentivize drip irrigation and precision agriculture
Pillar 9Dam Safety
  • Fund the full $165B dam rehabilitation backlog
  • Thousands of high-hazard dams in poor condition — prioritize by risk
Pillar 10Rural Water Systems
  • Federal investment in small community water and wastewater treatment
  • Dedicated funding with technical assistance — no American should lack clean water because they live in a small town
Section 06

How We Pay For It

PolicyFiscal PositionMechanism
Lead Zero by 2035$60BFederal investment; CDC estimates lead exposure costs $50B/year in lost earnings alone
PFAS remediationPolluter-fundedSuperfund cost recovery from manufacturers — 3M, DuPont pay, not taxpayers
Western water recyclingSignificant investmentFederal infrastructure spending; long-term savings from avoided water crises
Tribal water fund$10B dedicatedFederal appropriation — honoring treaty obligations and ending conditions that are a national shame
Dam safety$165B backlogPhased federal investment prioritized by hazard classification
Rural water systemsModerateFederal grants and technical assistance for under-resourced communities

The cost of lead poisoning alone exceeds the cost of replacing every lead pipe. The CDC estimates $50 billion annually in lost lifetime earnings from lead exposure. $60 billion to replace every lead service line is the best return on investment in American public health.

Section 07

Implementation Timeline

Phase 1 — Years 1–2
Emergency Action
Emergency lead service line replacement begins in the most affected minority communities. PFAS Superfund cost recovery litigation initiated. Federal water affordability program established. Tribal water fund appropriated. Public ownership conditions applied to new federal water grants.
Phase 2 — Years 2–5
Infrastructure Build
Lead Zero acceleration nationwide. Colorado River conservation mandates enacted. Water recycling investment begins. Tribal water rights settlements resolved. Dam safety rehabilitation prioritized by risk. Agricultural water reform incentives deployed.
Phase 3 — Years 5–10
Completion
Lead Zero completed by 2035. PFAS remediation substantially complete. Ogallala Aquifer protection in place. Rural water system modernization advanced. Every American has access to clean, affordable water.
Section 08

Addressing Counterarguments

“We cannot afford $60 billion for lead pipe replacement.”
Lead exposure costs the US $50 billion annually in lost lifetime earnings alone. The replacement pays for itself in reduced healthcare costs, improved educational outcomes, and higher lifetime productivity. The question is not whether we can afford to replace lead pipes — it is whether we can afford not to.
“Private water companies are more efficient.”
Private water companies charge 59% more for the same service. They are more efficient at extracting profit, not at delivering water. Public utilities are accountable to ratepayers and elected officials. Private companies are accountable to shareholders. Water is a public necessity, not a market commodity.
“Western farmers cannot survive conservation mandates.”
Western farmers cannot survive without water, and the Colorado River is drying up. The CGP plan includes transition payments for farmers who shift to less water-intensive crops. Israel produces more agricultural output per gallon than any country on earth through efficiency. The era of unlimited Western water is over — the question is whether we manage the transition or wait for crisis.
“This is federal overreach into state water rights.”
When lead pipes poison children in cities across America, when PFAS contaminates 200 million Americans’ drinking water, and when the Colorado River — which crosses seven state lines — is at 25% of historical flow, this is a federal responsibility. Clean water is not a state-by-state luxury. It is a national necessity.
Section 09

Key Statistics

StatisticFigureSource
Lead service lines in use9.2 millionEPA 2024 Inventory
Americans exposed to PFAS200 million+EPA / ATSDR
Americans lacking clean running water2 millionUS Water Alliance
Colorado River flow~25% of historicalBureau of Reclamation
Private vs. public water cost59% more (private)Food & Water Watch
Dam rehabilitation backlog$165 billionASDSO
Water infrastructure investment gap$625 billion over 20 yearsEPA
Lead Zero investment$60 billionEPA cost estimate
Tribal water justice fund$10 billion (CGP)CGP policy
Israel wastewater reuse rate90%Israel Water Authority
“Two million Americans lack access to clean running water. Nine million lead service lines poison children every day. Two hundred million Americans drink PFAS-contaminated water. In the wealthiest country on earth, this is a choice — and we are choosing to end it.”
— The Common Good Party
Paid for by The Common Good Party (thecommongoodparty.com) and not authorized by any candidate or candidate's committee.