Policy Document Series · Issue 15 of 35 · Economy & People
Social
Safety Net
Protect What Works. Fix What's Broken. Strengthen What's Inadequate.

Social Security kept 23.5 million Americans above the poverty line last year. Medicare covers 67 million. Medicaid covers 77.7 million and pays for 60% of nursing home care. These programs run at 0.7–1.7% overhead versus 12–20% for private alternatives. The solvency "crisis" is a revenue problem caused by inequality — not a reason to cut benefits. We fix it, expand it, and make it permanent.

23.5M Americans kept above poverty line by Social Security annually
0.7% Social Security administrative overhead — vs 12–20% for private alternatives
30,000 People died waiting for SSDI decisions in FY2023
$84B Annual Medicare Advantage overpayments that could fund real coverage
Contents
Section 01

Executive Summary

Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid are the most successful anti-poverty programs in American history. They work. They are efficient. They are wildly popular. The political project to undermine them is not about solvency — it is about ideology. This platform defends what works, fixes what is broken, and expands what is inadequate.

After 2034 Trust Fund Depletion — If Congress Does Nothing
81%
Payroll taxes still cover 81% of promised benefits. This is not a collapse — it is a funding gap with a known, straightforward solution.
With Cap Lifted + Investment Income Tax — Projected Solvency
75+ yrs
Lifting the payroll tax cap and applying 12.4% to investment income above $250K achieves 75+ year solvency with no benefit cuts, no age increases.

Ten pillars — one platform: Make Social Security solvent for 75+ years by lifting the payroll tax cap. Raise benefits $200/month for the bottom two quintiles. Switch to CPI-E and a 3% minimum COLA. Add dental, vision, and hearing to Medicare. End $76–84 billion/year in Medicare Advantage overpayments. Protect Medicaid from block grants and work requirements. Fix the disability system's 231-day average wait. Lower Medicare eligibility to 60. Expand drug price negotiation to every Medicare-covered drug. Make the 401(k) system progressive instead of regressive.

Section 02

The Problem

The problem is not that these programs are too generous. The problem is that they are not generous enough, poorly structured in places, and systematically underfunded by policy choices that benefit the wealthy.

Benefits Are Too Low, Not Too High

US elder poverty stands at approximately 20–23% — roughly four times Denmark's rate. Only 6.8% of retirees have the full "three-legged stool" of Social Security, pension, and personal savings. Median retirement savings for ages 55–64: $185,000 — less than 15% of what is needed. For the bottom 40%, Social Security already provides 84% of total income.

Country Elder Poverty Rate Context
Iceland3.1%Universal pension + mandatory savings
Denmark5.0%Guarantee pension creates effective floor
France6.1%74.4% replacement rate through public pension
Netherlands6.2%89.2% replacement — highest in OECD
Norway7.5%Flexi-job and rehabilitation-first disability system
OECD Average14.8%
United States~20–23%49.4% replacement — among lowest in OECD

Source: OECD Pensions at a Glance — oecd.org

The COLA Erosion

Social Security benefits have lost approximately 36% of purchasing power since 2000. CPI-W underestimates senior costs because seniors spend far more on healthcare and housing — the two categories with the highest sustained inflation. A $1,000 monthly benefit in 2000 buys roughly $640 worth of senior-relevant goods today. The annual "raise" is not a raise; it is an incomplete catch-up that falls short every year.

Medicare's Gaps

Traditional Medicare is the only major insurance without an annual out-of-pocket maximum. It does not cover dental, vision, or hearing — hearing aids average $4,000–$6,000. Meanwhile, Medicare Advantage costs taxpayers $76–84 billion per year more than Traditional Medicare through systematic upcoding. In 2024, 4.1 million prior authorization requests were denied; 80.7% were overturned on appeal. Plans are charging taxpayers more, delivering less, and blocking care that would have been approved.

The Disability Nightmare

30,000 People died waiting for SSDI decisions in FY2023
61–67% Initial SSDI denial rate — most eventually approved
573 days Average combined wait: 231 days initial + 342 days appeal

ALJ approval rates vary from 10% to 90% depending on the judge — the same case can succeed or fail based entirely on random assignment. Average SSDI benefit: $1,537/month. One in four SSDI recipients lives below the poverty line.

Source: GAO — gao.gov

The Retirement Savings Crisis

The 401(k) system is deeply regressive. The top 10% of earners capture 60% of all retirement tax benefits. 43% of Americans ages 55–64 have zero retirement savings. The current system gives the same $24,500 annual limit to a worker earning $40,000 and a CEO earning $500,000 — a subsidy structure that maximally benefits people who need it least.

Sources: Federal Reserve SCF — federalreserve.gov · KFF Medicaid — kff.org · SSA — ssa.gov

Section 03

How We Got Here

1935
Social Security Act
President Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act, creating the foundational retirement, disability, and survivor benefit system. The original payroll tax: 1% each from employer and employee.
1965
Medicare and Medicaid
President Johnson signs Medicare (universal health insurance for Americans 65+) and Medicaid (health coverage for low-income Americans) into law as amendments to the Social Security Act.
1974
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
SSI is created to provide a federal floor of income support for aged, blind, and disabled individuals with limited income and resources — replacing a patchwork of state programs.
1983
Greenspan Commission Reforms
The National Commission on Social Security Reform (chaired by Alan Greenspan) recommends raising the full retirement age from 65 to 67, taxing Social Security benefits, and accelerating payroll tax increases. The reforms extend solvency — but the cap is set to cover 90% of wages, a target that inequality will steadily erode.
1996
Welfare Reform — TANF
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act replaces AFDC with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), imposing work requirements and lifetime limits. TANF's block grant has never been adjusted for inflation — its real value has declined over 40% since enactment.
2010
Affordable Care Act — Medicaid Expansion
The ACA expands Medicaid eligibility to 138% of the federal poverty level. The Supreme Court makes expansion optional for states (NFIB v. Sebelius, 2012). As of 2025, 14 states still refuse to expand, leaving 1.4 million people in the coverage gap.

The Payroll Tax Cap Erosion

The 1983 reforms set the payroll tax cap to cover 90% of all wages. Due to rising inequality, the cap today covers only approximately 82.5% — meaning roughly $475 billion in wages escaped Social Security taxation in 2024. The solvency gap exists because inequality pushed wages above the cap. Not because benefits are too generous. Not because the program is structurally flawed. Because high earners took an ever-larger share of total wages and the cap did not follow them.

The Collapse of Defined Benefit Pensions

Private-sector defined benefit pension coverage collapsed from approximately 50% in the mid-1980s to 16% today. The shift to 401(k) plans transferred all investment risk from employers to workers — and the bottom half of workers were largely left with nothing. This is inseparable from union decline (see Issue 13): unions negotiate pensions; without unions, pensions disappear.

Privatization: Every Experiment Failed

Country / Attempt What Was Promised What Was Delivered
Chile (1981)70% replacement rate38% — AFP fees consumed 20%+ of contributions
Sweden's Premium PensionMarket growth75%+ of savers lost 30%+ of value by 2002
UK Thatcher-EraGreater choice2.5 million people given unsuitable advice — mis-selling scandal
Bush 2005 ProposalBetter returns16-point approval drop during his own national campaign tour

Medicaid Under Perpetual Attack

Arkansas implemented work requirements in 2018: 18,000 lost coverage, zero employment gain. The 2025 reconciliation law projects 4.8 million newly uninsured. Fourteen states still refuse Medicaid expansion, leaving 1.4 million people in the coverage gap — a gap that exists for no reason other than political hostility to the program.

Sources: SSA — ssa.gov · Urban Institute — urban.org · KFF Coverage Gap — kff.org

Section 04

What Other Countries Do

Pension Replacement Rates

Country Net Replacement Rate Elder Poverty Rate
Netherlands89.2%6.2%
Austria87.0%~8%
Denmark84.0%5.0%
Italy81.7%~9%
France74.4%6.1%
Germany52.9%~14%
United States49.4%~20–23%

The correlation is direct: countries with higher replacement rates have lower elder poverty. The US replaces less than half of pre-retirement earnings. Countries that achieve low elder poverty do so through public pensions, mandatory employer contributions, and guarantee pensions that create an effective floor below which no one falls.

Specific models that work: Denmark achieves elder poverty of just 3% (vs. US ~20–23%) through a universal basic pension plus supplemental earnings-based benefits (OECD Pensions at a Glance 2023). Germany provides a 48% gross replacement rate through its statutory pension insurance, compared to the US average of approximately 39% (CBO). The Netherlands guarantees a 100% basic pension (AOW) to all residents regardless of work history — producing just 6.2% elder poverty. Australia combines a means-tested Age Pension with compulsory employer superannuation contributions (currently 11.5% of wages), ensuring nearly universal retirement coverage through a dual public-private system.

Long-Term Care

Japan has mandatory Long-Term Care Insurance for all citizens 65+ since 2000. Germany's Pflegeversicherung has been mandatory and payroll-tax-funded since 1995. Denmark delivers 90% of elder care at home. The US uses spend-down: seniors must exhaust virtually all assets before Medicaid pays. Other countries treat long-term care as a social insurance risk to be pooled; the US treats it as a personal misfortune to be survived.

Drug Prices

Even after the IRA's negotiation provisions, Medicare pays 2.8–3.9× peer-nation prices. One in four US seniors spent more than $2,000 out of pocket on healthcare last year. US seniors are the most likely of any surveyed country to skip care due to cost. The price difference is not quality — it is negotiating power that other nations use and we do not.

Sources: OECD — oecd.org · Commonwealth Fund — commonwealthfund.org

Section 05

Our Policy — Ten Pillars

Ten mutually reinforcing reforms. The solvency pillars fund the program. The benefit pillars serve the people. The systemic pillars fix the machinery. All ten are required — the weakest link in the chain is the one that fails the person who needs it.

Pillar 1 — Flagship Make Social Security Solvent — Lift the Cap

The payroll tax cap ($176,100 in 2025) means a worker earning $50,000 pays Social Security tax on every dollar. A CEO earning $5 million pays on 3.5%. This is not fiscal necessity. It is an inequality subsidy.

  • Eliminate the payroll tax cap entirely — all earned income subject to 12.4% SS tax
  • Phase in over 5 years with a donut hole: immediately tax above $250K, then close the gap
  • Apply 12.4% to investment income above $250,000 — capital contributes like labor
  • Result: 75+ year solvency with no benefit cuts, no retirement age increase
Pillar 2 Increase Benefits for Those Who Need Them Most

For the bottom 40%, Social Security is not a supplement — it is the retirement system. 84% of total income. Benefits were never designed to carry that weight alone.

  • $200/month increase for all beneficiaries in the bottom two income quintiles
  • Special Minimum Benefit raised to 125% of poverty line for workers with 30+ years of contributions
  • Enhanced survivor benefits: surviving spouse benefit cannot drop below 75% of the combined benefit
  • Eliminate the SSI marriage penalty — disabled people currently lose approximately $6,000/year for marrying
  • Caregiver credits: up to 5 years of Social Security work credits for unpaid family caregiving
Pillar 3 Fix the COLA — Switch to CPI-E

CPI-W is an index designed around working-age urban wage earners. Seniors have fundamentally different spending patterns — healthcare and housing dominate. CPI-E corrects this by tracking actual senior expenditures.

  • Switch to CPI-E (Consumer Price Index for Americans 62+) — runs approximately 0.2–0.3 percentage points higher annually
  • Minimum 3% COLA in any year — ending the pattern of zero adjustments while seniors face real cost increases
Pillar 4 Add Dental, Vision & Hearing to Medicare

Traditional Medicare has no annual out-of-pocket maximum — the only major insurance without a catastrophic cap. Dental, vision, and hearing are not optional health expenses for older Americans. Hearing aids average $4,000–$6,000 per pair. These are medical necessities excluded for historical, not clinical, reasons.

  • Full dental, vision, and hearing coverage for all Medicare beneficiaries
  • Annual out-of-pocket maximum of $5,000 added to Traditional Medicare — eliminating the catastrophic gap
  • Funded through Medicare Advantage overpayment reform — redirecting insurer subsidies to actual care
Pillar 5 Reform Medicare Advantage

MedPAC calculates $76–84 billion per year in MA overpayments — 17–20% excess beyond what Traditional Medicare would cost for the same patients. 4.1 million prior authorization denials in 2024; 80.7% overturned on appeal. Plans are profiting from delay and denial.

  • Eliminate upcoding overpayments — bring MA payments to parity with Traditional Medicare costs
  • Penalize prior auth abuse — plans with overturn rates above 50% face mandatory penalties and removal
  • Full network transparency — no more inflated provider directories with unavailable physicians
  • Gold Card exemption — providers with 90%+ approval rates exempt from prior auth for routine procedures
Pillar 6 Protect & Strengthen Medicaid

77.7 million Americans depend on Medicaid. Medicaid pays for 60%+ of all nursing home care. Block grants would convert a guarantee based on need into a fixed payment that fails when need is highest — in recessions and public health emergencies, precisely when enrollment rises.

  • Block all block grant proposals — Medicaid must remain a guarantee based on individual need, not a fixed annual sum
  • Close the coverage gap: establish a federal floor at 138% FPL in all states
  • Ban work requirements — zero employment gain documented; thousands lose coverage through paperwork barriers
  • Expand home and community-based services (HCBS) — shift the long-term care system from institutions to homes
  • Fight to restore coverage lost through 2025 reconciliation cuts — projected 4.8 million newly uninsured
Pillar 7 Fix the Disability System

30,000 people died waiting for SSDI decisions in FY2023. The program is not too generous — it is inaccessible. The 61–67% initial denial rate is not medical judgment; it is system design that assumes applicants will give up.

  • 90-day maximum for initial decisions; 120-day maximum for appeals — with automatic approval if SSA misses deadlines
  • Standardize ALJ decisions — accountability for judges with approval rates below 30% or above 80%
  • Eliminate the benefit cliff: gradual phase-out above $2,500/month at 50 cents per dollar rather than hard cutoff
  • 5-year extended Medicare for disabled workers who return to work — removing the healthcare cliff that traps people
  • Rehabilitation-first model (Danish/Norwegian approach): vocational rehabilitation offered before final disability determination
Pillar 8 Lower Medicare Eligibility to 60

Ages 60–64 face the highest uninsured rates and the highest individual market premiums of any age group. They are too young for Medicare and often too expensive for affordable private coverage. This is an inflection point the original 1965 designers intended to revisit.

  • Lower Medicare eligibility from 65 to 60 — removing approximately 5 million people from the individual market
  • Improves remaining individual market risk pool — younger and healthier average enrollee
  • Acts as a bridge toward the universal system detailed in Issue 1 (Healthcare)
Pillar 9 Expand Drug Price Negotiation

The IRA's initial negotiation on 15 drugs saved $12.5 billion. Medicare pays 2.8–3.9× peer-nation prices on the same molecules. Every other high-income country negotiates. The US uniquely prohibited Medicare from doing so for two decades. That prohibition ended. The scale must now expand.

  • Expand negotiation to all Medicare-covered drugs over 10 years — projected $100B+/year savings at scale
  • $35 insulin cap for all Americans — extend the Medicare model to every private insurer
  • $2,000/year out-of-pocket drug cap for all Medicare Part D beneficiaries
  • Allow importation from countries with FDA-equivalent safety standards
Pillar 10 Make the 401(k) System Progressive

The current system gives the same $24,500 annual limit to a worker earning $40,000 and a CEO earning $500,000. The top 10% of earners capture 60% of total retirement tax benefits. This inverts the purpose of a tax subsidy — the subsidy flows to people who would save anyway, and away from people who need it most.

Household Income Net Worth Annual Limit Multiple
Under $75,000 Under $250K $49,000 2× standard
$75,000–$125,000 Under $500K $36,750 1.5× standard
$125,000+ Any $24,500 1× (current cap)
  • Enhanced Saver's Credit: refundable 50% match on first $2,000 contributed by households under $75K
  • Mandatory auto-enrollment at 4% default contribution with 1% annual auto-escalation up to 10%
  • 1-year maximum vesting on all employer matches — workers who leave earlier forfeit nothing after year one
  • Employer match remains fully uncapped; all limits indexed to inflation going forward

What This Platform Does — At a Glance

ActionDetail
SolvencyLift payroll cap entirely + investment income tax above $250K = 75+ years, no cuts
Benefits$200/mo for bottom 2 quintiles; Special Minimum to 125% poverty; caregiver credits
COLASwitch to CPI-E; minimum 3% annual adjustment guaranteed
Medicare ExpansionDental, vision, hearing; $5K OOP cap; eligibility lowered to 60
MA ReformEnd $76–84B/yr overpayments; penalize prior auth abuse; Gold Card exemptions
MedicaidBlock all block grants and work requirements; close coverage gap; expand HCBS
Disability90-day decisions; eliminate benefit cliff; rehab-first model; 5-year extended Medicare
Drug PricingNegotiate all drugs; $35 insulin for all; $2K OOP cap; allow importation
401(k)2× limit under $75K; 1.5× for $75–125K; refundable Saver's Credit; auto-enroll at 4%
PrivatizationBlocked permanently — every experiment produced higher fees and worse outcomes
Section 06

How We Pay For It

This platform does not require new money from the general public. It requires ending subsidies to the wrong people — high earners who escape payroll taxes, insurance companies extracting MA overpayments, and pharmaceutical manufacturers pricing against a captive buyer. The funds exist. The question is where they flow.

Revenue Source Est. Annual Revenue Notes
Lift payroll tax cap — all earned income ~$200B Closes the bulk of the 75-year Social Security shortfall in one step
Investment income tax above $250K ~$80–120B 12.4% on capital; closes remaining ~33% of SS shortfall
Medicare Advantage overpayment reform $76–84B Funds dental, vision, hearing expansion and OOP cap — redirects from insurers to care
Drug price negotiation (all Medicare drugs) $100B+ at scale IRA proved the model; scaling to all drugs over 10 years
Progressive revenue (Issue 2: Taxation) Cross-reference Wealth tax, corporate tax reform, and capital gains reform fund additional expansion

Social Security solvency is achieved through payroll tax reform alone — no benefit cuts needed. Medicare expansion is funded by eliminating the $76–84 billion annual subsidy to private insurers through Medicare Advantage overpayments. The economics are not complicated: money currently flowing to insurance company profits is redirected to dental appointments, hearing aids, and eye exams.

Sources: MedPAC — medpac.gov · CBO — cbo.gov · CMS — cms.gov

Section 07

Implementation Timeline

Immediate — Days 1–100
Emergency Defense of Existing Programs
Block pending Medicaid cuts through executive action where possible. Restore CFPB enforcement against financial elder abuse. Introduce the Social Security Solvency Act (lift the cap). Introduce the Medicare Comprehensive Coverage Act (dental, vision, hearing, OOP cap).
Phase 1 — Year 1
Revenue, Benefits & Systemic Fixes
Begin donut-hole phase-in: tax wages above $250K immediately. Enact $200/month benefit increase for bottom two quintiles. Switch COLA calculation to CPI-E with 3% minimum. Begin MA overpayment reform. Enact progressive 401(k) contribution limits. Disability decision timelines take effect.
Phase 2 — Years 2–3
Medicare Expansion & Drug Pricing
Dental, vision, and hearing coverage begins for all Medicare beneficiaries. Medicare OOP cap of $5,000 implemented. Medicare eligibility lowers to 62 as first step. Drug negotiation expands to 50+ drugs. Disability ALJ standardization and accountability measures in effect.
Phase 3 — Years 4–5
Full Cap Elimination & Coverage Gap
Full payroll tax cap elimination complete — all earned income covered. Medicare eligibility reaches 60. Federal floor at 138% FPL enforced in all states; Medicaid coverage gap closed. HCBS expansion fully underway. Drug negotiation reaches 100+ drugs.
Full Implementation — Years 6–10
75+ Year Solvency & Transition to Universal
75+ year Social Security solvency achieved. All Medicare expansions fully operational. SSDI backlog eliminated — 90/120-day timelines holding. All Medicare drugs under negotiation. System positioned to transition toward universal coverage as detailed in Issue 1 (Healthcare).
Section 08

Addressing Counterarguments

"Social Security is going bankrupt."
No. Even if Congress does nothing until 2034, payroll taxes still cover 81% of promised benefits. This is a funding gap, not insolvency. The gap exists because the payroll tax cap now covers only 82.5% of wages — down from the 90% the 1983 reforms targeted — because inequality pushed wages above the cap. Lifting the cap closes most of the gap in a single legislative step. The crisis framing exists to manufacture consent for benefit cuts that are not necessary.
"Lifting the cap is a massive tax increase."
Only 6% of workers earn above the payroll tax cap. For 94% of Americans, this proposal changes nothing. It asks the highest earners to pay the same rate on all earned income as a worker earning $50,000 already pays on every dollar. A CEO earning $5 million paying 12.4% on the full $5 million instead of only $176,100 is not a new burden — it is removing an exemption that was never justified.
"Raise the retirement age — people live longer."
Life expectancy gains are concentrated among the wealthy. Top-quintile men live to approximately 88; bottom-quintile men to approximately 73. Raising the retirement age to 69 cuts lifetime benefits by approximately 25% for the lowest earners — who live shortest and depend on Social Security most. It falls hardest on manual laborers in construction, agriculture, and manufacturing whose bodies cannot simply "work a few more years." It is a benefit cut targeted at the people least able to absorb it.
"Privatize Social Security — the market does better."
The evidence is unambiguous across every experiment. Chile promised 70% replacement; delivered 38%, with AFP fees consuming more than 20% of contributions. Chile subsequently approved major pension reform in 2025 to add a state-run fund precisely because privatization failed. Sweden's private accounts lost 30%+ of value for 75% of savers by 2002. The UK's Thatcher-era privatization produced a mis-selling scandal affecting 2.5 million people. Bush's 2005 US proposal dropped 16 approval points the more the public heard about it. Social Security's 0.7% overhead versus 12–20% for private plans is not an accident — it is the structural advantage of social insurance at scale.
"Medicaid work requirements encourage self-sufficiency."
Arkansas implemented work requirements in 2018 and tracked the outcome rigorously. Result: 18,000 people lost coverage. Employment gain: zero. The study found that most people who lost coverage already met the work requirement — they simply could not navigate the reporting bureaucracy. Work requirements do not create jobs. They create paperwork barriers that remove healthcare from people who are already working, caregiving, or medically unable to work and simply cannot document it correctly.
"Progressive 401(k) limits punish success."
The standard $24,500 limit still applies to everyone above $125K — a meaningful and unchanged amount. The enhanced tiers exist only to help lower-income workers who currently lack the financial margin to save at all. The top 10% of earners currently capture 60% of total retirement tax benefits — a subsidy structure that flows maximally to people who would save anyway and minimally to people who need help building any cushion. This proposal rebalances the subsidy without taking anything away from higher earners.

Sources: National Academies (life expectancy) — nationalacademies.org · Urban Institute (Arkansas) — urban.org

Section 09

Cross-References

The safety net does not operate in isolation. Each of these issues shapes who arrives at retirement, in what condition, with what resources — and what is waiting for them when they get there.

Issue 1
Healthcare — Medicare for All Lowering Medicare eligibility to 60 and adding dental, vision, and hearing are incremental steps toward the universal system. Every expansion makes the next step easier.
Issue 2
Taxation Lifting the payroll tax cap is progressive tax reform. Applying 12.4% to investment income aligns directly with the wealth tax agenda — capital should contribute like labor.
Issue 3
Housing Housing costs are seniors' second-largest expense after healthcare. Elder poverty cannot be addressed without addressing housing affordability and rent stability.
Issue 4
Education Student debt suppresses retirement savings for an entire generation. Free public university means the next generation can build retirement security that this one could not.
Issue 13
Labor & Unions Union decline destroyed defined benefit pensions. The retirement crisis is inseparable from the labor crisis — they share the same cause and require interlinked solutions.
Issue 14
Trade Trade displacement destroyed the retirement security of a generation of manufacturing workers. Trade adjustment assistance must include a retirement bridge for displaced workers aged 55+.
"Social Security is not a handout. It is a contract — wages withheld, contributions made, a promise exchanged across generations. Every worker who paid in is owed what was promised. We protect what works, fix what is broken, and strengthen what is inadequate. That is the contract."
— The Common Good Party
Paid for by The Common Good Party (thecommongoodparty.com) and not authorized by any candidate or candidate's committee.